RESUMO
As a simian species, the langurs are not known to harbor simian retroviruses, except for one report on a simian Type D endogenous retrovirus from the spectacled langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) from Malaysia. The present report describes for the first time natural infection of the common Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) from India by a novel simian retrovirus (SRV). The new SRV is phylogenetically related to but distinct from the three molecularly characterized serotypes, SRV 1-3, of the five known serotypes of SRVs, based on sequence analyses from the 3'orf and env regions of the viral genome. The novel SRV isolated from the Indian Hanuman langur is provisionally named SRV-6.
Assuntos
Cercopithecidae/virologia , Produtos do Gene env/genética , Filogenia , Doenças dos Primatas/virologia , Infecções por Retroviridae/veterinária , Retrovirus dos Símios/classificação , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Evolução Molecular , Produtos do Gene env/química , Genes env , Índia , Malásia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Retroviridae/virologia , Retrovirus dos Símios/genética , Retrovirus dos Símios/isolamento & purificação , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sorotipagem , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologiaRESUMO
The unintegrated viral DNA found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection includes linear and circular forms. The circular unintegrated viral DNA (CUVD) could be of either 1-long terminal repeat (LTR) or 2-LTR form. Inverse primers from nef (upstream) and gag (downstream) gene sequences of HIV-1 genome were designed to span the LTR circle junction. CUVD was assayed in unstimulated, quiescent persistently infected cell lines 8E5, HIIIB, and GB8, as well as in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of HIV-1-infected patients by nested PCR in a cross sectional study. CUVD in the infected cell lines (in vitro) was predominantly of 2-LTR form in 8E5 and GB8 cells, while in HIIIB cells, there was besides 1-LTR and 2-LTR an additional, intermediate form. In vivo, CUVD was predominantly of 1-LTR form. The possibility of using CUVD, an early phenomenon in the virus replication, as an additional postpenetration, preintegration marker of HIV infection is discussed.
Assuntos
DNA Circular/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Linfócitos/virologia , Linhagem Celular , DNA Circular/análise , DNA Viral/análise , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Repetição Terminal Longa de HIV , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Integração ViralAssuntos
Edema/fisiopatologia , Ascite , Brasil , Aldosterona , Edema/terapia , Furosemida , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Cirrose Hepática , Diuréticos , Doença Cardiopulmonar , Líquidos CorporaisRESUMO
Pentoxifylline, a new xanthine derivative with properties favorably affecting the rheological profile of blood, was administered to male rats weighing 200--300 g in doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of body weight for five days. Up to 27% of the intracellular cAMP-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) of the myocardium was dose-dependently inhibited. A significant increase in the protein content of the heart (wet weight) was also recorded, but was unrelated to the dose of pentoxifylline and without evidence of cardiac hypertrophy.
Assuntos
3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pentoxifilina/farmacologia , Teobromina/análogos & derivados , 3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterases/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Proteínas , Ratos , XantenosRESUMO
Two-hundred and twenty-nine cases dracunculiasis were selected for a double-blind trial of metronidazole against placebo. A cure rate of 85% was observed with metronidazole. A dosage of 400 mg metronidazole three times daily for 10-20 days appears suitable. Even with secondarily infected lesions, it was unnecessary to administer any other chemotherapeutic agent. In most cases symptomatic relief, especially of pain and pruritus, was obtained within two weeks. In patients with only subcutaneous worms, metronidazole did not apparently prevent the development of lesions and seemed to stimulate the worm to emerge quickly, with resultant less severe lesions. Complete cure was delayed in patients with multiple lesions, where worms reached the emergence state at different times. There did not appear to be any direct relationship between severity of the disease and response to metronidazole. If the worm was broken during treatment with metronidazole, no abscess formed nor was there any local inflammation. Metronidazole was very well tolerated even when administered for 20 to 25 days. No serious side-effects or toxic effects were observed.
Assuntos
Dracunculíase/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A pilot single-blind placebo controlled crossover within-patient study was undertaken in essential hypertension. In ten patients single daily doses of 25 mg and 50 mg and in two patients 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg were used. Satisfactory reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and erect postures were observed. Reduction in heart rate was of the order of 6-32%, there being no correlation between reductions in blood pressure and decrements in heart rate. Three patients were dropped from the final analyses. Seventy-eight per cent (7/9) of patients had a final diastolic pressure (lying) of 90 mm Hg or less. Single doses of penbutolol controlled blood pressure for at least twenty-four hours. At the end of two weeks on placebo medication, following nine weeks of active drug medication, blood pressure had reverted to near pre-treatment levels. Penbutolol was well tolerated.
